Industrial waste heat – tapping into a neglected efficiency potential

Panel: 3. Energy use in industry: The road from policy to action

This is a peer-reviewed paper.

Authors:
Martin Pehnt, Ifeu – Institute for Energy and Environmental Research Heidelberg, Germany
Jan Bödeker, Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, Germany
Marlene Arens, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research, Germany
Farikha Idrissova, IREES, Germany
Eberhard Jochem, IREES, Germany

Abstract

In 2007, two thirds of the final industrial energy consumption in Germany was used for process heat. The waste heat from the conversion processes could be used for direct heating purposes as well as for electricity generation or heat pumps. However, in Germany and in Europe this potential is largely untapped. This paper analyzes potentials, barriers and possible policy approaches.

Based on literature research, best practice examples and expert workshops, the techno- economic potential of waste heat at temperatures above 140 °C is estimated to be more than 12% of the annual industrial final energy consumption of German industry, and another 6% for temperatures between 60 and 140 °C. Because of structural, financial, informational and operational barriers, which are evaluated in detail in this publication, only a small portion of this potential is being used. As of now the general conditions and the industrial activities are not sufficient to increase the use of waste heat, so a future strategy based on the following pillars is recommended:

• Expanding information and further training for facility operators and consulting engineers as well as for manufacturers and installers of heat exchangers.

• Establishing an internet-based market exchange for waste heat sinks and sources

• Implementing obligatory energy management in companies including waste heat measures.

• Adapting financial support, e.g. for district heating and technologies for waste heat utilisation.

• Developing a regulation for waste heat with (a) obligatory heat planning for larger companies in order to improve information and (b) obligatory waste heat utilisation under certain preconditions.

• Improving the integration of waste heat issues into the legal framework, e.g. within land-use planning, water legislation and the energy savings decree.

• Promotion of further R&D activities in the field of innovative technologies for waste heat recovery.